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Dec 09, 2023

Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Sequestration (BECCS) » Babcock & Wilcox

Renewable Net-negative energy generation from solid fuels Negative carbon impact

Renewable

Net-negative energy generation from solid fuels

Negative carbon impact technologies provide an innovative means to meet the world's climate goals. By combining traditional bioenergy production with carbon capture and sequestration technologies (known as BECCS), energy can be produced with a net-negative carbon intensity (CI) output.

How? Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Calculating the amount absorbed along with sequestration of the CO2 when the biomass is used as a fuel for energy production provides a net result of less than zero carbon intensity.

Highlights/Overview of BECCS

When properly implemented, BECCS not only provides benefits associated with net zero carbon intensity, but may further enable access to beneficial credits/offsets from:

B&W's experience utilizing biomass for energy production is well-proven. Our demonstrated experience covers a wide range of fuels and technologies for utilizing biomass to produce steam for both utility and industrial customers including:

In one innovative application, B&W's biomass-fired BFB boiler technology is combined with B&W's OxyBright™ oxygen combustion technology. Wet waste biomass such as forest litter, construction and demolition waste, or agricultural byproducts, can fuel our bubbling fluidized-bed boiler.

The boiler combustion air is replaced with nearly pure oxygen. A portion of the CO2-rich flue gas is recirculated to the boiler, substituting CO2 for the nitrogen in the furnace. The result is a flue gas comprised primarily of CO2. The balance of the non-recirculated flue gas is cleaned using particulate and sulfur removal systems, then sent to a compression purification unit (CPU) to produce a high-purity CO2 stream suitable for sequestration.

The combined use of biomass for the fuel and carbon sequestration results in a source of energy that is carbon negative. An example is B&W's contribution to Project Cyclus. B&W will provide the technology to power Fidelis’ state-of-the-art, 73,000-barrel-per-day Grön Fuels facility, which is designed to produce a range of clean fuels with a net-negative CO2 footprint.

Utilizing waste-to-energy (WTE) as the combustion technology is another viable option. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is typically considered to contain approximately 50% biogenic material. Although not as net-negative as using 100 percent biomass for the fuel, MSW still holds promise to provide the benefits of net-negative carbon intensity power production in those applications.

With conventional boiler combustion technology, B&W's SolveBright solvent absorption technology can be utilized as a post-combustion carbon capture solution. B&W's innovative design allows solvent flexibility to provide solutions which are adapted to customers’ unique applications.

Another approach to net-negative energy production using biomass as the fuel source is with B&W's BrightLoop chemical looping technology. A unique advantage of this process is its ability to use solid fuels to produce a range of possible outputs, including hydrogen. Our technology is capable of producing a stream of nearly pure hydrogen in addition to a stream of nearly pure CO2.

Using biomass as the source feedstock for B&W's BrightLoop process, combined with the inherent CO2 isolation and sequestration, a net-negative CI energy production is possible.

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